Friday, 20 March 2026

Conduce To The Happiness

The Scott Trust spent five million pounds on nine per cent of Tortoise Media so that that start-up could buy The Observer. All 140 Observer staff have now been offered voluntary redundancy. With an endowment of £1.3 billion, the Scott Trust should buy it back.

That said, there are now 20 grandees of the liberal media who make, if not a living, then no doubt fat fees by watching GB News, for the first time in their lives, purely in order to complain about it and about the fact that its regular readers did not do so. Whoever is paying them to do that should put in a bid for The Observer. As, in that case, should Sir Paul Marshall and Legatum. Let the games begin.

Mass Religious Observances

For example, this, in Hyde Park.



Or this, elsewhere.



Herewith, the Voice of the Jewish News:

Trafalgar Square is a place for all. Jewish News has been delighted to co-host the community’s annual Chanukah in the Square event many times in the past, as we light the Menorah and sing Maoz Tzur. It plays host to events celebrating other religions as well, from Christian Pentecost prayer events, to Vaisakhi and Diwali celebrations; and this week, to an Iftar celebration during the Muslim month of Ramadan. The uproar in response to that latter has been considerable – and notably ugly in tone.

For one thing, this week’s Trafalgar Square Iftar event had invited those of many different faiths – different Christian denominations, Jews, Hindus, Sikhs and others – to attend. At a certain point, those Muslims present who wished to pray, did so. There were no exhortations for those of the many other faiths present to join in – if that was an “act of domination and therefore division”, as some have suggested, it was a remarkably odd one.

The question here is not really one of whether such prayer is in fact an attempt to “dominate” – or the more obvious explanation, that during Ramadan one breaks one’s fast by eating very briefly just before and then more properly after the evening Maghrib prayer (yes, like our own Maariv prayer). Rather it is about whether one has the right to publicly express their religious identity in this country. In this specific instance, an event to mark a key event in the Islamic calendar had been openly and legally booked for Trafalgar Square. Muslims present had every right to pray as a part of that.

At the beginning of Ramadan, another event made headlines – a police officer defending the right to freedom of speech of a Christian preacher in Whitechapel. The officer said, in response to those who claimed that it was “a Muslim area”, that “In this country we have freedom of speech… “I understand that you guys don’t want to hear it, so I would just recommend that you walk away and don’t listen to him. He’s not in your home.” It appears that some of those who so loudly championed that police officer last month have forgotten what she said – or think that there should indeed be a double standard.

There are times when Jews in this country wish to openly and publicly display our faith, whether that is through dozens of public Menorah lightings around the country, Purim parades through neighbourhoods with large numbers of Jews, road closures for a Hachnasat Sefer Torah, visiting streams or lakes on Rosh Hashana for Tashlich or large throngs of Charedim protesting education bills outside Westminster while reading Psalms and then davening Minchah. We are fortunate to live in a liberal, democratic society where such things are open to us – for many centuries such things would have been unthinkable.

We would be wise to defend that right for others, because what guarantee do we have that if it were taken from them, we would not be next? We would urge those members of the Jewish community who are inclined to support condemnation of such public prayer to consider where such things can lead – and it is not particularly difficult to see. Attempts in Western countries to circumscribe the Islamic way of life almost always end up doing the same to Jews. Whether via attempts to ban religious slaughter, religious courts or circumcision – initiatives where a significant percentage of advocates wish to make life more difficult for Muslims will also affect Jews.

Are there Islamists in this country who wish to assert their way of life over others? Of course. But it is hard to think of a more counterproductive way of combating such a thought process than by telling the many moderate Muslims that they – and they alone – should be unable to celebrate their faith in a public venue which they have booked for an event. In fact, there are few things more likely to help Islamists in their portrayal of British society as irretrievably hostile towards Muslims.

There are those in our community who will respond to this by telling us that the situation with Muslims is ‘different’. To that we would encourage them to look across the Atlantic. A number of the most influential right wing voices in the United States were railing against Muslims a few years ago. Now they have switched their sights to target Jews.

If you think that could not happen here, you are kidding yourselves. Uphold religious rights for all – you’ll never know when you’ll be glad that you did.

Those Jewish and Islamic courts are taken up overwhelmingly with keeping people’s religious marital status as far as possible in line with their civil marital status, frankly very much like the Catholic ones that also operate in this country. No court sitting in Britain is ordering that anyone be stoned, and whisper it not, but that would already be illegal. As for the most influential right-wing voices in the United States, their mounting calls to ban Eucharistic and Marian Processions are already implicitly being echoed in Britain by Nigel Farage, with others no doubt to follow. Well, let us give them something to complain about. Let there be the Eucharistic and Marian Processions that this country lacked. Including in Trafalgar Square.

On Being Rejected

Someone who was decidedly reluctant to communicate electronically while at the coalface surprises me by keeping it up in Emeritus life (and, perhaps not unrelatedly, publishing far more), specifically to say that I needed to take a look at this, by Alex Byrne:

Philosophers like savage book reviews. The typical milquetoast review offers some criticism leavened with a teaspoon of praise. For example, while the author has “inadvertently demonstrated that his theory of self-knowledge collapses under sustained scrutiny,” the book is nonetheless a “valuable contribution.” Boring.

Quassim Cassam’s review of Michael Devitt and Kim Sterelny’s Language and Reality has a more forthright assessment: “This is not a book which students should be advised to consult. It is a book which they should be advised not to consult.” Applied to G. P. Baker and P. M. S. Hacker’s Frege: Logical Excavations, Michael Dummett would have agreed: “This pair of authors might have given us an illuminating comparative study of Frege and Wittgenstein; it is regrettable that they have preferred to attempt a hatchet job on a philosopher they lack the good will to understand.” And who can forget Nina Strohminger’s review of Colin McGinn’s The Meaning of Disgust? It begins: “In disgust research, there is shit, and then there is bullshit. McGinn’s (2011) theory belongs to the latter category.” These three examples are all from academic journals; offered a freer rein in a newspaper, philosophers take the gloves off. According to Galen Strawson, Jacques Derrida’s Archive Fever: A Freudian Impression “shows something that has been becoming increasingly obvious to a number of people for quite a long time: that although Derrida is a nice man, he is just not very bright.”

Submit a philosophy paper to a journal and it will likely be rejected; it might even be “desk rejected,” with the hapless author receiving no feedback that could help improve the paper’s chances at another journal. What about an invited book review? I had never heard of a rejection, still less one with no feedback—until recently. To keep vulgar suspense to a minimum, the would-be book reviewer was me.

You may be wondering why the story of a book review rejection deserves telling. I beg your patience for a few paragraphs. First, I need to say something about Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews. Entirely online, its sole mission is publishing reviews of philosophy books. NDPR churns them out: 145 reviews last year, only 79 in 2024 but a whopping 418 in 2014. All reviews are open access; like PhilPapers and the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, it is one of those wonderful philosophical resources enabled by the internet.

Philosophy journals that publish reviews have a book review editor, but NDPR’s volume requires more people. There is an editorial board currently comprising 70 professional philosophers, from Ásta at Duke to Jessica Wilson at Toronto. The editor is Christopher Shields, a leading Aristotle scholar, assisted by the managing editor, Kirsten Anderson, a postdoctoral teaching fellow at Baylor University. As NDPR explains:

Reviews are commissioned and vetted by a distinguished international Editorial Board. We do not accept unsolicited reviews, but welcome proposals for reviews from suitably qualified reviewers … In the event that a proposal is received, we will vet it in the normal way with our Editorial Board before determining whether to issue an invitation to write a review. [emphasis in original]

NDPR allows—as of course it should—reviews that trash books. “From my perspective as a philosopher,” John Martin Fischer complains, “it is jarring that a book on free will would not discuss free will.” The book in question is Robert Sapolsky’s 528-page Determined: A Science of Life Without Free Will, which Fischer spends more than 6,000 words dismantling. Brian Leiter’s verdict on Thomas Stern’s Nietzsche’s Ethics is even more dismissive: “In the end, what is most puzzling about this little volume is not that it is often wrong, relentlessly superficial, and philosophically flat-footed, although it is all of those things.” Louise Antony’s review of Victor Kumar and Richmond Campbell’s A Better Ape: The Evolution of the Moral Mind and How it Made us Human gets straight to the point: “I am afraid I found a great deal to criticize in this book, and not much to admire.” Despite, like Fischer, taking more than 6,000 words, Antony laments that “space limitations prevent me from discussing every problem I find in this book.” She finds the third part particularly risible: “I am very sorry to say this section is appallingly superficial.” (Fischer, Leiter, and Antony are all on the NDPR editorial board.)

An example from this year is Timothy Williamson’s review of Amie Thomasson’s Rethinking Metaphysics:

As the book goes on, it encourages the reader to expect much-needed support for its deflationary treatment of metaphysics from functionally oriented linguistics. When it finally arrives, in Chapter 7, in the form of Michael Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), it proves a dampish squib.

The book, Williamson concludes, “left me with a strong sense of a degenerating research programme.” The authors of A Better Ape were so irked by Antony’s review that they composed a lengthy reply (her review “rests on misrepresentations of our ideas and mistakes about the science”). Thomasson instead took to Facebook to produce this apophasis:

NDPR could not have chosen a less charitable reviewer for Rethinking Metaphysics than Tim Williamson … If I were to write in the style of my interlocutor, I might say that it is a ‘dampish squib’ of a review written by someone with a ‘degenerating research program.’ But I won’t. Because I believe in being respectful and kind. Insults come out when arguments run out.

Her allies chimed in. Ásta (as mentioned, on the NDPR editorial board) exclaimed, “What an uncharitable way to engage with the serious work of another philosopher!” The board member Brian Leiter, no friend of metaphysics, commented: “My first thought on reading this was to email Amie to offer congratulations, since obviously TW is unnerved. His research program is under attack, and is soon to pass into history.”

Among the many Facebook comments, however, only one said that letting the review through was a mistake: “This is horrible and I don’t think they even should have published it.” Probably the vast majority of philosophers, including those on Thomasson’s side of the argument, would agree with two commenters who wrote: “He was asked to review a book and gave his opinion without sugar-coating it. The piece isn’t vituperative,” and: “I think it is good to have very bracing reviews written and published.”

Back to my story: last October, I saw that Rach Cosker-Rowland’s Gender Identity: What It Is and Why It Matters had just come out with Oxford University Press. “Philosophically powerful,” “excellent, important, and timely,” and “fascinating, well-argued,” according to blurbs from well-known philosophers who work in this area. Timely, for sure. I thought reviewing Cosker-Rowland’s effort myself would be worthwhile, since I’ve written extensively on gender identity, in my 2023 book Trouble with Gender and other places.

Many readers will be aware that the topic of sex and gender has not showcased philosophers on their best behavior. It is almost ten years since Rebecca Tuvel was dogpiled by colleagues for writing about transracialism, and—incredibly—things went downhill from there. Dissenters from mainstream thought in feminist philosophy have been subjected to name-calling, no-platforming and other extraordinarily unprofessional tactics. As a minor player in this drama, I have had OUP renege on a contracted book and an invited OUP handbook chapter on pronouns rejected. My recent involvement in the Health and Human Services review of treatment for pediatric gender dysphoria has done little for my popularity among some philosophers.

I was not hopeful, then, that an invitation to review Cosker-Rowland’s book would spontaneously arrive. But NDPR welcomes “proposals for reviews from suitably qualified reviewers” (see above), and I had reviewed three times for them before. So, I emailed the managing editor in October. I was pleasantly surprised when Kirsten Anderson wrote back to me in December, “Good news! After consulting with the board about it, we’ve decided to move forward with your review.” OUP and NDPR were keen to get the book to me—I received a hard copy from both, and OUP also sent a digital version.

By mid-January I had finished, and sent the review to Anderson with the following note:

Review attached. It’s a big and complicated book but mindful of your guidelines I tried to keep the main text as short as I could—it’s a little over 2200 words. However, the review is very critical, and (again mindful of your guidelines) I need to give reasons for the negative evaluation, so I put a lot of the supporting evidence in the lengthy endnotes.

To which she replied:

Thanks for the review and the extra explanation! Your review will now go through the standard process, starting with being vetted by a board member covering the relevant area. If the length is a problem, I’ll let the board member weigh in along with any other revision requests that may arise. Otherwise, it’ll go straight to copyediting. After that, it’ll be published.

As I said in the review, the book is nothing short of ambitious. Here’s part of Cosker-Rowland’s summary at the end:

This book has proposed a new account of gender identity in terms of our subjective sense of the gender that it is fitting or not unfitting to treat us as and has proposed a new integrity-based account of trans rights … [O]ur gender identities generate trans rights to freedom of (legal) gender, gender-affirming healthcare, and sporting participation and accommodation grounded in our basic liberal rights to live and act with integrity … [O]ur gender identities establish that we morally ought to be treated as and thought of as the gender that matches our gender identity … [This book] has shown that our gender identity also seems to matter for the gender that we metaphysically are. It has shown that we should understand being trans in terms of gender identity.

Undeniably interesting, which is more than one can say for many philosophy books; and as a trans woman, Cosker-Rowland brings relevant experience. But to borrow Louise Antony’s words, “I am afraid I found a great deal to criticize in this book, and not much to admire.”

I kept it clean and the overall tone was well within the Overton window for philosophy book reviews, which (as noted at the beginning) is wide. Terrible arguments in philosophy are common; more remarkable was Gender Identity’s slapdash scholarship and glaring factual mistakes. Here’s one example (from the review’s lengthy endnotes):

Gender Identity would have greatly benefited from fact checking. One particularly egregious error is the allegation that “in March 2023 there was a rally outside the Victorian Parliament in Melbourne at which neo-Nazis and gender critical feminists campaigned against trans rights and held up banners proclaiming that trans women are perverts and paedophiles” (158). The two groups did not campaign together and the feminists held up no such banners. The feminists’ rally, including banners and placards, can be seen in one of Cosker-Rowland’s own citations, Keen 2023. Cosker-Rowland even manages to misdescribe the neo-Nazis: their sole banner read “Destroy Paedo Freaks” (Deeming v Pesutto 2024: para. 100); although hardly well-disposed towards transgender people, whether the neo-Nazis meant to accuse them of pedophilia is not clear (para. 114).

I documented some other obvious errors and scholarly lapses in the review—by no means all the ones I noticed. “OUP should note,” I wrote, “that quality control in this area of philosophy is not working.”

Let’s reflect on Cosker-Rowland’s claim about the Melbourne rally for a moment. As a footnote in Gender Identity confirms, she knows that the gender-critical philosopher Holly Lawford-Smith was at the event. Cosker-Rowland believes, then, that Lawford-Smith, a philosophy professor employed by Melbourne University and an OUP author, is happy to attend—indeed, speak at—a rally at which fellow-feminists joined forces with neo-Nazis, both holding grotesque banners about trans women and pedophilia. Perhaps Lawford-Smith waved one of these banners herself! No one with a minimal hold on reality would find this remotely credible. Even more astounding is how this managed to get by the OUP editor and multiple referees—it’s not buried in a footnote, but is in the main text.

Here’s another example I didn’t mention in the review. When rashly suggesting that some youth suicides in the UK were the result of restricting access to puberty blockers for gender dysphoria, Cosker-Rowland cites two tweets from the activist lawyer Jolyon Maugham in support (p. 210, fn. 16). These allegations were investigated by a suicide expert, Professor Louis Appleby, and found to be baseless; Cosker-Rowland says that one of Maugham’s tweets provides a “thorough response” to Appleby. There are three problems with her discussion. First, Cosker-Rowland falsely asserts that the National Health Service “ceased providing puberty blockers” (p. 210) after 2020 (instead, there was a pause of six months, with an in-practice ban only after the publication of the Cass Review in 2024). Second, she describes Appleby as “the UK Government’s gender critical adviser” (p. 210, fn. 16; emphasis added), clearly implying bias on Appleby’s part. There is no evidence that Appleby is “gender critical” and Cosker-Rowland appears to have made this up. Third, Maugham’s tweets have been (unsurprisingly) deleted. Thus, in an Oxford University Press book, the citations supporting an extremely serious claim are two deleted tweets. (See also the thorough reporting by the journalist Ben Ryan.)

I was worried that the “board member covering the relevant area” would demand extensive revisions or cuts, and I even speculated (not seriously) about an outright rejection on the grounds that my review perpetrates epistemic violence against the LGBTQ+ community or something equally fantastical. But I kept reassuring myself that too many years in the gender trenches had left me unreasonably paranoid, and that the review would make it through vetting with no more than minor tweaking.

Weeks dragged by, and towards the end of February, Kirsten Anderson emailed again, this time with bad news: NDPR had decided not to “move forward” with publication, based on “consultation with the board.” “Even paranoiacs have real enemies,” as Henry Kissinger is said to have once remarked.

No reason was given, but Anderson did say that I should contact the editor, Christopher Shields, for “further clarification” or if I had any “specific questions,” which I promptly did. I said that I would be very grateful for answers to the following two questions:

1. Who was the board member who initially vetted my review? This is not blind reviewing, I take it. The board member knew who wrote the review. Seems only fair that I should know the identity of the board member. If the board member had reasonable concerns, then there should be no objection to making everything transparent.

2. What, exactly, was the reason why you have decided not to publish the review?

The first question was worth asking, I thought, although I suspected I would not receive an answer. After all, the board members assigned to vet reviews can often be identified, or at least drastically narrowed down, based on the subject matter. If the book is about Nietzsche, probably Brian Leiter; if about consciousness, probably David Chalmers, and so on. And with book reviews in regular journals, the only relevant person is the book review editor, whose identity is known to everyone.

The second question was the one I really wanted answered. We philosophers—and academics in general—are all in this together, stumbling towards the truth as best we can, and that requires honest feedback. That is why referee reports are sent to authors even when their papers are rejected and why graduate students are not merely told that their arguments don’t work. Occasionally authors and students see that a referee’s or a supervisor’s objections are devastating and abandon their projects entirely. Of course, in the case of desk rejection, or those unsolicited emails philosophers receive giving a proof of idealism from logic alone, one cannot fairly expect a written explanation, because that would often be too onerous for the journal or the philosopher. In my case, however, the reasons were (presumably) already set out in an email from the board member, and could easily be transmitted, preserving anonymity if necessary.

In his reply, Shields kindly gave me plenty of detail about the process. The review first went to him for screening, “mainly to establish that there are no obvious problems,” which there weren’t. He then sent it to a board member for “substantive vetting.” That board member declined to vet it, for whatever reason. Shields then “sent it to a second board member, who reviewed it and recommended strongly that it be rejected outright.” Whoever that board member was, he or she was quite adamant, issuing a “clear and unswerving recommendation” against publication.

That was all appreciated, but what Shields did not do was answer either of my questions. A non-answer to the first one I at least expected, but what justification could there be for keeping the reasons behind the “clear and unswerving recommendation” top secret? No one would accept a disrespectful policy of not sending referees’ reports to authors of rejected papers, and my situation was no different. If anything, there were stronger reasons for disclosure, given the earlier implication that “revision requests” were the worst-case scenario.

Before Shields replied, I already assumed that two board members were involved, since it was most improbable that the member who had approved the invitation was the one who rejected the review. Now I knew that the number might be three: the approver, the (possibly distinct) first member asked to vet, and the member with the “unswerving recommendation.” The topic of gender identity is squarely in the analytic feminist philosophy wheelhouse, and the NDPR board has three members with specialties in that sub-discipline: Sally Haslanger and two I have already mentioned, Louise Antony and Ásta. A couple of other board members could not be excluded, but plausibly at least one of that trio would know something.

Cold emailing a board member I’d never met would have been ticklish, but fortunately I had known all three for years: Sally is my long-time colleague, Louise is an old friend with whom I share many professional interests, and I was on Ásta’s thesis committee when she was a PhD student at MIT. It quickly turned out that Sally and Louise knew nothing about my review; Ásta was sympathetic—“I’m sorry that happened. Unfortunately, I have no information on that.”—and referred me back to the editor.

The identity of the “clear and unswerving” board member remains unknown. More importantly from my point of view, at the time of writing I have not been told anything about the reasons for rejection; neither have I been told anything about the reasons for secrecy.

Given the board member’s view was evidently that that my review was unpublishable in any form, it was slightly jarring when Shields ended his email, “I do hope you will find another outlet for your work.” Perhaps that was just clunky boilerplate. I was now faced with the problem that shopping book reviews around to journals is an uncommon practice with little guarantee of success. NDPR was apparently willing to effectively suppress the news that OUP is publishing books with an activist-level disregard for the facts.

The gender-critical gods have smiled on me before in similar situations: Polity stepped in to publish Trouble with Gender, and the invited-then-rescinded pronouns handbook chapter ended up in the Journal of Controversial Ideas. They did so again, casting their spell on the journal Philosophy & Public Affairs, where the review will appear in the summer issue (you can read it here).

Could the “clear and unswerving recommendation” for rejection be unconnected with the pall of censoriousness that has descended over the philosophy of sex and gender? Monkeys might fly. In any case, protecting Cosker-Rowland from criticism (even if misguided) is patronizing—she can look after herself. If my review contains embarrassing blunders, they will soon become known. And controversy helps sales: “Now I must read the book,” one Facebook commenter said in the Thomasson-Williamson thread.

The philosophy profession has shown itself to be an institution of fragile integrity when put to the test. One can only hope spines will eventually stiffen, and academic law and order is restored. Meantime, we cannot solely rely on the fortitude of Philosophy & Public Affairs. I suggest that the Journal of Controversial Ideas starts publishing book reviews.

Alex Byrne is Laurance S. Rockefeller Professor of Philosophy at MIT. He is the author of Transparency and Self-Knowledge and, more problematically, Trouble with Gender: Sex Facts, Gender Fictions.

Thursday, 19 March 2026

St Joseph and the Greatness of Hidden Holiness


I once told a priest how much I had appreciated a beautiful homily he had given on Our Lady. He smiled mischievously and replied: ‘Well, I am the rector of a Marian shrine. It wouldn’t say much if I couldn’t preach on her!’

As well as having the care of a church dedicated to St Joseph the Worker, I have always been struck by him in the Gospel narratives. Could there be a better example of actions speaking louder than words? He is there at the most important and intimate moments of Our Lord’s hidden life, and yet he says little. Nothing, even. Not a single word he spoke is recorded. Yet we need no pretty speeches to understand why the Church places the figure of St Joseph before us. The collect for today reminds us to ask for St Joseph’s intercession so that the ‘Church may constantly watch over the mysteries of human salvation, whose beginnings you [God] entrusted to his faithful care’. Actions indeed speak louder than words, and it is St Joseph’s actions which should serve to encourage us and inspire us.

Today we are reminded of a different kind of greatness. It is not the greatness of the pagans, lived out in public words or asserted achievements, but greatness found in the quiet observance of God’s law. It is a faithfulness which is strong and silent holiness, which is lived out in a daily acceptance of God’s will. Our world values what is seen, bragged about and loudly proclaimed. It overlooks, and even disdains, un-signalled virtue. St Joseph reminds us that much of what God sees as precious is hidden from the ‘learned and the clever’.

The scriptures describe St Joseph as a ‘just man’. No small praise or thoughtless compliment. To be just in the scriptures is to live in right relationship with God. It is to be attentive to His will, and to act with justice and integrity. Think of St Joseph’s immediate response to his discovery that Our Lady was with child. Even when he mistakenly thinks he has been betrayed, he decides to act with compassion and mercy, seeking to spare her shame. And yet, when the angel speaks to him in a dream, he immediately lays aside his own plans and does what the Lord requires of him.

I have always thought there was something so beautiful in this, especially for our world today. St Joseph listens, and then he acts. There is no hesitation, to be sure, nor argument, resistance or demand for explanation. His life is shaped by the will of God, rooted in his quiet trust in providence. One might say he is someone who simply ‘gets on with it’.

St Joseph’s vocation is unique. Obvious, I know – but sometimes the obvious needs stating! He is entrusted with the care of the Father’s Only-Begotten Son, and with His Blessed Mother. No other human being had this asked of them. He stands at the threshold of the mystery of the Incarnation. While he may not have fully grasped what the angel’s message to Our Lady meant, for she would surely have told him all about it, he accepts it and faithfully carries out the task assigned to him, without complaint and also without fanfare. St John Chrysostom wrote about how St Joseph places himself ‘entirely at the service of human salvation’.

We see it in the journey to Bethlehem, the difficult circumstances of Our Lord’s birth and the fearful flight into Egypt. These are dramatic events which St Joseph navigated as he sought to protect the precious treasure God had entrusted to him. Then there is the not-so-dramatic, which many parents will understand. These are the hidden years in Nazareth. They are marked by ordinary duties of family life and responsibility, of tiring work and a child wandering off. St Joseph diligently cares for what he does not fully understand, and in doing this he teaches us to live by faith. In this, he becomes a model for fathers, for workers and for every Christian who seeks to live virtuously and well in the circumstances of ordinary life.

It is perhaps by no coincidence that we celebrate him during Lent. Lent is a time of bringing ourselves back to what really matters. It is an opportunity to set aside distraction, noise and the desire to be seen and admired, and leads instead into prayer, fasting and almsgiving. It helps focus our minds and souls into a more faithful obedience to God.

Considering St Joseph, we might consider Lent to be a return to Nazareth. It is an invitation to rediscover the hidden life, where God is present in the quiet rhythm of daily fidelity. St Joseph is a guide on this path. He teaches us how to listen more attentively, to trust more faithfully and to act more courageously. And let’s not forget that, as a solemnity, it brings with it a little respite from our penances. Husbands can treat their family too!

It is fitting then to turn to St Joseph in prayer, especially on his feast day. We can entrust to him our families, our work, our responsibilities, our burdens and our uncertainties. There is something so moving about the fact that the man who watched over the Holy Family continues to watch over the universal Church with his intercession and example. He shows us how to remain steady, how to act with virtue and courage, and how to trust in God’s will even when the path seems unclear or we do not fully understand what is being asked of us.

In the midst of a world which leaves no thought unspoken and no selfie unposted, St Joseph stands before us as a reminder that God often works most profoundly in silence. In that quiet, we too may learn to live as St Joseph did: simply, faithfully and close to the Hearts of Jesus and Mary.

Fr Gary Dench is the parish priest of St Joseph the Worker, Hutton and Shenfield, in the Diocese of Brentwood

MAID In Alberta No More?

A decade into Canada’s Medical Assistance In Dying, which is now the fifth leading cause of death there and accounts for one death in 20, the tide may be turning, as Sharon Kirkey writes:

Alberta doctors will be explicitly banned from raising assisted death with a patient without the person first bringing it up, according to a new bill tabled in the province on Wednesday.

The goal is to ensure the potentially life-ending decisions are “initiated and driven” by people themselves.

Some critics argue that it’s “mind boggling” that, across Canada, medical assistance in dying (MAID) is being presented as a care option. The fear is that initiating a discussion about MAID risks unduly influencing someone to choose it, given doctor-patient power dynamics.

However, Canada’s MAID providers argue that doctors have a duty to disclose “all available treatment options,” including, when appropriate, MAID.

Among other changes, Alberta’s proposed Safeguards for Last Resort Termination of Life Act would, if passed, restrict all regulated health professionals, including doctors and nurse practitioners, from bringing up MAID unless the person raises it.

That fits with most jurisdictions in the world with legalized euthanasia: The suggestion must come from the person.

“We don’t want anyone to be counselled to end their life prematurely if they do not have a terminal illness,” Alberta Premier Danielle Smith said at a news conference Wednesday. 

“If we have to make that clear in law, we’ll make it clear in law.”

A guidance document produced by the Canadian Association of MAID Assessors and Providers, updated this month, states that doctors may have a professional obligation to bring up “care options that may relieve suffering” for people with a grievous and irremediable illness, disease or disability, including MAID for people who are likely eligible.

Doctors “must not discuss MAID with the intention of inducing, persuading or convincing a patient to request it,” the authors wrote. “The aim is to inform, not to influence,” they said, adding that all options should be discussed to respect patient autonomy and meet informed consent standards.

No doctor should be prevented from discussing MAID when it is “legally permitted and professionally appropriate to do so,” according to the guidance document.

However, at Wednesday’s press briefing, Ontario family physician Dr. Ramona Coelho said she has witnessed patients being approved for MAID quickly, “without a deep dive of their suffering” or discussions around possible solutions to reduce the suffering.

MAID was inappropriately raised with Canadian military veterans by a Veterans Affairs Canada case worker.

Federal Conservative MP Garnett Genuis has a private member’s bill that would prohibit bureaucrats from proposing doctor-assisted death to a person who has not asked for information about it first.

Coelho, who cares for people with complex conditions such as disabilities, mental health issues and chronic pain, said patients have told her they’ve been offered MAID repeatedly, by different people, “and sometimes felt pressured to book MAID assessments.”

While it’s not the majority of doctors in MAID practice, it raises patient safety issues, she said.

“While these conversations are often framed as compassionate, we have to consider the risks, particularly the risk of discrimination,” Coelho later said in an email.

Doctors, like anyone else, can hold both conscious and unconscious biases, she added.

“This means certain groups — such as people with disabilities, older adults, racialized communities and women — may be more likely to have MAID raised to them based on assumptions about their quality of life, and discrimination,” Coelho said.

“The suggestion that MAID should be put on the table for anyone who might qualify runs counter to the core duty of physicians to respect the standard of care,” said Trudo Lemmens, a University of Toronto professor in health law and policy.

“In standard medical practice, physicians must not offer a therapy that comes with significant risks, if other less intrusive means to help the person are available,” he said.

“Imagine what that will mean if suffering from a mental illness is a basis for MAID.” Would a person who has had recurrent cycles of depression be offered MAID at some point, he asked.

“It’s perfectly reasonable and in line with suicide prevention if health-care providers are prohibited from bringing up MAID,” Lemmens said.

This Fatal Truth?

Nigel Farage has predictably gone all “Judeo-Christian”. Only ever a political term, that is always a refusal to take either Judaism or Christianity seriously in its own terms, and it began as an attempt to reduce them both to the kind of civic religiosity that used to hold sway in the United States. It has had several targets, and the current one is Muslims. But is it Muslims who have tried to introduce assisted suicide, or who have succeeded in decriminalising abortion up to birth? With all of that in mind, and remembering when confronted with such a prose style that we were all young once, I bring you the words of George Ruska (indicative of being East Slavic in the patriarchal line), not because I agree with almost any of them, but because I have been predicating this turn on the Right for decades:

“Regretfully, I speak this fatal truth: Louis must die, so that the nation can live.”

—Maximilien Robespierre

The arrest of Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor for misconduct in public office is the greatest reputational crisis that the British Monarchy has faced since the abdication of Edward VIII almost a century ago. The images of a convoy of police cars escorting the bleary-eyed former prince out of his Sandringham residence on the morning of his sixty-sixth birthday are now etched forever into public consciousness.

That the Monarchy is the fundamental pillar of British identity has long been a hackneyed trope, favoured by both left-wing and centre-right histories of post-war national life. Indeed, it is a central feature in most metanarratives of ‘post-imperial’ Britain that the Windsor Dynasty are a focal point of affection in a wider context of increasing uncertainty about the nature of our nationhood. More recently, these analyses have taken an introspective turn, reflecting that Britain’s various crises are, to some extent, rooted in the ambiguous nature of our modern identity as a result of the loss of Empire, deindustrialisation, and shifting class boundaries. Here again, the strange indeterminacy of what precisely the House of Windsor represents is presented as either a reflection or a cause of these confusions.

Britain’s societal transformation has been subject to a variety of dramatisations, but it is the play King Charles III which best typifies the centre-left commentariat’s conception of the importance of the Monarchy to national mythmaking. Parliament, the Crown, the NHS, and the ‘Forces’ are all presented as perennial bedrocks of British identity — which are also forever in danger of institutional erosion. In the play, the Queen’s death sends the public into a semi-catatonic state, somewhere between terror and bewilderment. The coronation of Charles III subsequently engenders a constitutional crisis through the new King’s refusal to grant assent to an act of legislation which is perceived as restricting press liberties (even though we might reasonably anticipate that the actual King would be sympathetic to such a measure).

The play is interesting in so far as it captures an essentially conservative idea of the role of the Monarchy in national life whilst being deeply sympathetic to the motivations of the would-be absolutist protagonist (revealing, in the combination, the reactionary attitude of today’s centre-left towards our country’s institutions). Charles’ monologue describes the Monarchy as an ‘oak tree’ which binds the past, present, and future, and it is assumed within the plot that it is a genuine object of affection and loyalty for the British people in general. Charles’ dissolution of Parliament is essentially an idealistic challenge to a venal political class with ‘authoritarian’ instincts which are implied to be alien to Britain’s national culture.

Of course, the actual death of the Queen played out very differently. Besides the brief public mourning in central London, it was — by and large — a non-event. When her passing was announced that afternoon, people, contrary to prior expectations, simply went on with their day. That evening, everyone sat down for dinner as usual. There were no spontaneous displays of grief, no palpable sense of discontinuity and confusion. There was a strange dissonance between the poignancy of the projection and the insignificance of the reality. What was expected to be a moment of genuine uncertainty about the future, the abrupt disintegration of the lodestar of British patriotism, was in reality a basically normal Thursday evening.

Since then, King Charles’ reign has been relatively uneventful, beyond the not-unexpected drift into increasingly political partisanship (as demonstrated by the explicit celebration of multiracialism in the King’s most recent Christmas speech — more on that later). The forecasts from some conservative commentators of a new ‘Carolean’ era which would usher in some vague cultural and aesthetic revival have, as yet, failed to materialise. Similarly, the tragic cancer diagnosis of Princess Catherine (probably the most sympathetic member of ‘the firm’), and also that of King Charles, have received far less attention from the public at large than might have been expected.

Indeed, the only story concerning the Monarchy that has received substantial attention for some time has been the Epstein scandal. Historiographically, we can view Andrew’s arrest as a tawdry denouement to the high Windsorite identity of post-2008 Britain. Since the Second World War, Britain has experienced ethnic Balkanisation, and the Monarchy correspondingly assumed an increased importance in the attempt to define a national identity in the absence of any organic asabiyyah. This dynastic nationalism reached its zenith in the coalition era, with the gaudy celebrations of both the wedding of William and Catherine and the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II. Endless Union Flag bunting and monotone renditions of ‘God Save the Queen’ captured the self-consciously royalist aesthetic that the political mainstream embraced in order to present a picture of a modern, ‘diverse’ Britain at one with its past. In the absence of any substantive criteria for national membership, affinity for the ‘Crown’ constituted the sole reference point for understanding national belonging.

It is worth noting that this royalist renaissance was different in character from that of the 1980s, which was by no means deferential in nature and was driven by a prurient interest in the affairs of the Royals as celebrities. It also sat alongside a genuine national renewal, in a wider context of military victories and economic recovery. The 2010s revival was, by comparison, more narrowly conservative insofar as it returned to historical norms of journalistic obeisance to the Crown but also coincided with a period of national decline in the aftermath of the global financial crisis, compounded by the failures of New Labour and the impact of the 2011 riots.

The collapse of royalism in the 2020s, then, is not a decline in genuine affection for the Monarchy (which has always been vastly overstated), but the collapse of the narrative that the Monarchy plays an integral functional role in British national life. Centre-right apologia for the Royals, even in the face of their increasingly leftist political sensibilities, has never seemed less plausible. How can this family possibly serve as a non-partisan centre of patriotic sentiment when, for increasingly large swathes of the British public, they are tainted by association with Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor’s questionable proclivities?

One can reasonably assume that more revelations will come forth in the coming months as police actively investigate Andrew’s affairs, which could easily be worse than what we have heard already both in terms of corruption and sexual misconduct. The fallout from this can neither be nor should be contained to the figure of the former Prince. Andrew was purportedly the favourite of Queen Elizabeth, and it is implausible to suggest that his activities were entirely unknown to her and others within the Royal family. Sarah Ferguson would not have fled the country for Switzerland and the Republic of Ireland if she expected only the fallout of a single episode of Royal indiscretion, as it was presented in 2021. Her actions make far more sense in the context of an egregious and long-running cycle of lurid corruption, familiar to any denizens of a Third World country governed by a jet-setting elite.

There are other more fundamental reasons why the Monarchy’s popularity will decline in the near future. Britain’s demographics are essentially unfavourable to the Royals, and this is largely a result of policies they themselves have endorsed. Britain’s youngest cohort is now only ≈50% white British. As has been recorded, non-whites are, on average, less favourable to the Royals (and to historic British institutions generally). One of the great ironies of the Queen’s death was that whilst it was presented as a unifying moment of commemoration for the country as a whole, it was in fact primarily white British (and older white British at that) people who engaged in remembrance after her passing. Despite the reality that the Monarchy was a central factor in the development of multiculturalism in Britain — it was as subjects of the King and Queen that immigrants first arrived in Britain, and through their Commonwealth citizenship that their legitimacy as part of the nation was laundered — the evidence suggests that it is only (some) white British people who have bought into the Monarchy. One particular episode captured this projection perfectly, when demonstrations by blacks angrily protesting the defensive police shooting of the murderer Chris Kaba were mistaken for a vigil for the late Queen.

Many right-wingers might be tempted to dismiss the attitudes of unassimilated foreign-born or foreign-descended populations, and say that these people’s views should not be factored in to considerations of our constitutional order. After all, the same demographic trends are seeing Britain’s electoral politics drift towards the foreign policy preoccupations of the Ummah, and we oppose the integration of these concerns into our foreign policy because they represent a form of colonial intrusion at the expense of British domestic concerns. Indeed, some will predictably become defensively royalist, either as a reaction to the republicanism of foreigners and their native allies or as a declaration of loyalty to something which feels familiar in the face of cultural erosion, much as some on the nativist right (such as Matt Goodwin) adopt reflexive support for Israel for the very same reasons. Of course, the basic point that Britain’s future should be determined in the interests of native Brits is correct, but as the question of Israel demonstrates, it is a mistake to simply adopt the opposite view to your opponents, supporting something just because your enemies oppose it.

Our position on the Monarchy, as with any institution, must instead be based on an unprejudiced assessment of the extent to which it advances the interests of the British people. In 2026, there is zero ambiguity regarding the Monarchy’s ideological orientation under the leadership of King Chuck the Woke. The Crown’s historical record is not much better, especially regarding the British diaspora in the aftermath of decolonisation. Whilst Queen Elizabeth is often favourably contrasted with her son for being more politically neutral, it’s worth noting that there is a variety of anecdotal evidence to suggest she was in fact relatively left-leaning, including — amongst other things — Margaret Thatcher’s reference to her as ‘the kind of woman who would support the SDP’.

This stemmed from not only her opposition to Thatcher’s economic policies, but also their clashes over South Africa and the Prime Minister’s refusal to impose sanctions on the country. The New South Africa of which the late Queen was so supportive has subsequently descended into a failed one-party socialist state which has been arguably genocidal in its negligence in protecting white citizens from rampant, racially-motivated murders. The Queen may have been blinded by genuinely held universalism, but even had she understood these consequences her commitment to representing all her Commonwealth subjects equally would have bound her to support the transition to democracy and all the horrors that entailed.

This same tendency might also explain her indifference to the suffering inflicted on her British subjects by the (proportionally significant) criminal elements amongst her Afro-Caribbean and South Asian subjects. While her right-wing defenders will claim that she was bound throughout her reign by unwritten constitutional commitments to impartiality, this argument fails because — particularly in the latter part of her reign — there were in fact increasingly celebratory references to ‘diversity’ in her speeches. But to refute it on its own terms, we have to consider whether it can ever make sense to talk about neutrality on existential issues relating to national survival. The questions on which the Queen was neutral were not quotidian elements of policymaking, or even contested issues of public morality. These questions related not even just to the (often violent) demographic marginalisation of whites in urban areas but to the broader (democratically non-consensual) ethnic and cultural transformation of vast swathes of the country.

During the course of her entire reign, the Queen never saw it fit to comment on the systemic sexual abuse of white British girls by Pakistani rape gangs. Neither did she deign to comment on the corruption, complicity, and active collaboration of local government and the police services with these criminal organisations. We have a clear example of a public crisis which dwarfs any other and which relates to coordinated physical and sexual violence against the most vulnerable constituency within her realm. The difference she could have made to this issue by intervening rhetorically would have been significant — but she always refrained from doing so. It is a moral failing of the Monarchy that its ‘neutrality’ extended and extends to a passivity in the face of immense evil.

The King, of course, continues in this tradition, although has added to the celebration of multiculturalism a pseudo-intellectual ‘perennialist’ inflection. Charles is purportedly a fan of René Guénon, and this might explain his longstanding sympathy for Islam (interestingly, Anthony Burgess’ second dystopian novel 1985 envisioned the then-Prince of Wales leading a surreptitious Islamisation of the country upon his ascent to the throne). One of my childhood memories was that of a speech he gave on ‘Islam and the environment’ in the Sheldonian, and, as you would expect, it consisted of the same ecumenical platitudes about shared ‘Abrahamic’ values of stewardship delivered to an array of self-aggrandising ‘faith leaders’.

Of course, this dual ‘Green’ outlook stands at odds with the reality of diasporic Islam in Britain, as reflected by the rampant littering in inner city Birmingham and other ghettoised urban areas. In a different era, Charles’ affinity for humanistic Sufi traditions (which are, of course, a marginalised and victimised tendency within the faith) might be understandable, but it seems utterly incongruent and bizarre when viewed through the prism of twenty-first century Britain. Islam in this country is — by and large — Deobandi: puritanical and sterile, but also callously and venally indifferent to the wellbeing of animals who have their throats slit in backstreet abattoirs. The Deobandi tradition, especially in Britain, is materialistic, criminal, and essentially anti-social. Again, this is not a condemnation of Islam per se — the tradition of English Arabophilia is a long and in many ways a justifiable one — but to project idealisations onto the religion as it actually exists in Britain today is simply to neglect the duty of the sovereign to defend the people and culture of the nation.

But the King’s most egregious action so far, not just as a violation of the Monarchy’s own definitions of neutrality but as a demonstration of his anti-British political commitments, came in the form of his 2025 Christmas speech. In it, he declared ‘that the great diversity of our communities’ will help ensure that ‘right triumphs over wrong’. There is no forgiving this deceitful statement after the horrors of the last seventy years have been made manifest for all to see. To not only ignore the costs and injustices wrought by mass immigration, but to suggest that it is in fact the guarantor of moral virtue is as perverse as it is anachronistic. It cannot be emphasised enough that not even the Starmer Government is willing to defend the legacy of immigration in such strong terms.

We may reasonably anticipate that Charles will act as a centre of opposition to a future right-wing government when the serious business of righting these wrongs through mass deportations begins in earnest. Indeed, reports that he referred to the Sunak Government’s feeble Rwanda Plan as ‘appalling’ confirm this. Whilst the Monarchy’s constitutional power is (in theory) limited, it would be naïve to suggest that an institution with such substantial ‘soft power’ over the media and the state cannot form a significant obstacle to a Prime Minister if it so desires.

When we look at the Monarchy today, then, we see an institution which is:

  1. Tainted with heinous tales of corruption and abuse.
  2. Increasingly unpopular with native Brits as a result.
  3. Facing unfavourable demographic trends which it nonetheless continues to encourage.
  4. Not just indifferent to, but actively complicit in the obfuscation of crimes against our country and its people of the most serious nature.
  5. More and more likely to act as a focal point of resistance to a future right-wing government.

In the light of these facts, the case for a British Republic has never been stronger. We should not be tricked into adopting a losing position in defence of a decrepit institution just because Zarah Sultana also opposes it.

Any hopes that the coronation of Prince William might offer a chance to refresh the Monarchy’s image and reinvigorate its position in public life seem overly optimistic at best. As Will Lloyd wrote in the New Statesman recently:

William, the heir to the throne, is perhaps the most underexamined of all. We are briefed that like Victoria, Edward VII, George V, Edward VIII, George VI, Elizabeth II and Charles III before him, he will be a fresh, positive, modern influence who will delouse the archaic fabric of monarchy. He cries in commoner’s kitchens about mental health and is praised for his empathy. He watches Aston Villa and may even be able to name their second-choice goalkeeper. He even made sure his press secretary went to a comprehensive, not a public school. We know from the royal super-biographer Robert Hardman that William is unable to name a favourite author, but that this “box-set guy” does love “Batman-related” superhero movies.

In some respects William might simply reflect what the average British bloke is like today. But average isn’t the expectation of the Crown, and he differs a great deal from Charles and his grandmother. Thanks to Valentine Low, another long-time royal observer, we learn that: “William is not a great reader: he prefers an oral briefing.” In Power and the Palace, Low reports that William will be the first monarch in several generations not to have read Walter Bagehot’s The English Constitution. Read between the lines. What are they telling you?

I will make explicit what Lloyd did not. William is a dullard, uninterested in the history that shapes the nation that he is destined to inherit and the constitutional role he is set to take up. In happier times, this might not matter. But given the situation we are facing today, how can we expect such a person to lead any kind of institutional rejuvenation? Why would we taint ourselves with loyalty to such a person?

Given all the current trends outlined above, and the hopelessness of a future dependent on the current heir, it seems reasonable to suggest that the abolition of the Monarchy is likely in the coming decades. Whilst it would not, in fact, be necessary to combine this with substantial constitutional reforms (one could easily just abolish the legal fiction that the Prime Minister’s powers are exercised on behalf of the King and be done with it), it is nevertheless the case that this will present an opportunity for broader change which whoever is in power at the time is likely to take up. If we take ourselves out of this conversation by sticking to the defence of the Monarchy, it will be our opponents who define this new settlement.

How might abolition come about, and what form could we hope subsequent constitutional revisions to take? It is impossible to predict the precise circumstances under which conflict between the Monarchy and a right-wing Parliament will arise. No doubt, this could begin with the attempt of the King to rhetorically intervene against a repeal of the Human Rights Act and a withdrawal from the European Convention on Human Rights. It might also come in the form of veiled or open attacks against a ‘British ICE’, particularly if during the course of its operations it accidentally kills or injures an obstructive illegal migrant or an extremist agitator. A government which went further — for example with large-scale denaturalisations — would almost certainly see an intervention from the Monarchy. We might even see it in the context of something as puny as the removal of the (insane) voting rights we grant to so-called ‘Commonwealth citizens’.

Regardless of the particulars, there is an open goal waiting to be scored. It will be easy to mobilise populist angst against the multicultural paternalism of the King. The Crown Estates have an estimated value of £21.3 billion, while the Sovereign Grant, the untaxed allowance derived from profits from the Crown Estates, has tripled in real terms since 2012. It doesn’t matter if this is actually a relatively trivial sum when compared to the national debt and annual governmental expenditure: it sounds like a lot to the average voter, and can easily be tied into some resolving some populist cause, whether housing veterans and homeless people or contributing towards a student debt jubilee. It would be easy to attack Charles on the basis of his longstanding political inclinations, especially given the general ill favour with which he is viewed by many older Brits due to the Diana scandal, as well as the general indifference of younger generations.

Despite all of this, it must be recognised that the sections of the public which do maintain lingering affection for the Monarchy are overrepresented among the social base of right-wing parties in Britain. Advocating for direct opposition may therefore be politically harmful for a right-wing government with its own base, even if the position were popular in the country as a whole. As such, the correct path forward in the face of Royal opposition would be to call a referendum not directly on the future of the Monarchy, but in support of an Act of Parliament which fundamentally alters its constitutional status.

The Crown Estate and the analogous Duchy of Cornwall, along with privately-held assets such as the Duchy of Lancaster, the Sandringham estate, and the Balmoral estate would be nationalised along with all other British real estate held by the Royals personally or by the Crown. The Royal Family will be granted permission to use some of these residencies — perhaps Buckingham Palace, Windsor Castle, and Balmoral — which will be maintained by the state. On top of providing residences and the requisite staffing, the Royals will be reimbursed for expenses incurred in the conduct of their duties, and will receive a personal family allowance of £2m, to be distributed as the King sees fit, which should keep the number of ‘working Royals’ to a minimum and force the rest of them to do something useful with their lives. The Royals will also retain existing privately-held assets (excluding land), possibly with the exception of any historically-significant jewellery or artifacts — no need to feel too sorry for them. The effect of these measures would be financial regularisation of the Monarchy, transforming the Royals into highly-paid civil servants with a few extra perks, and stripping the unjustifiable privileges and feudal hangovers that currently define Royal wealth.

Constitutionally, the powers of the Royal Prerogative which are currently held by the Monarch but exercised by the Prime Minister will be formally conferred upon the office of the Prime Minister in its own right. This includes the power to summon, dismiss, and dissolve Parliament (as constitutionally permitted), the granting of final assent to legislation, the ultimate command of the armed forces, and the granting of honours and peerages. These powers had functional purposes in the past, but they have evaporated as the Monarchy has stepped back from its constitutional role. A democratically legitimate Prime Minister would be able to wield these powers as intended, and a strengthened executive would be no bad thing for a reformist or radical government. Additionally, the elected government will be given powers to control and direct the public activities of the Monarch and other Royals, as employees of the state. This includes the power to approve or deny public statements and interventions. Neutrality cannot mean supporting only those aspects of government policy with which the Monarch personally agrees, and the Monarchy must be a tool of the British state if it is to serve a useful function for the British people.

As for the Windsor family, they would retain a purely ceremonial role, and would have the same constitutional status as the Japanese Emperor — that is to say, they would be a symbol of state with no invested authorities. These reforms would mark a significant move towards the modernisation, rationalisation, and defeudalisation of the British state. These terms may scare more conservative-minded readers, and there may be a place in national life for ceremony and for historical peculiarities, but that place should not be in the legislative process or the executive function of government. Byzantine procedures and financial structures serve only to retard the state, to make its actions less explicable, and to make it harder for necessary reforms to be carried out.

This approach is premised on the expectation that, whilst the Monarchy will continue to decline in popularity, a confrontation which necessitates reform is likely to occur whilst it still maintains some support, at least among the more conservative voters who will form the bulk of any right-wing electoral coalition. It is, of course, entirely possible that upcoming revelations might be so bad as to erode the institution’s legitimacy sufficiently to render this intermediate step unnecessary. If not, these measures will at least minimise the power of the Monarch to interfere with an elected government, and what remains of the Monarchy can be phased out in due course, hopefully before any succession occurs.

In concluding this article, it is worth stressing that there is nothing unpatriotic about opposition to the Monarchy. I am not an ideological republican as such, and I recognise the value that a variety of constitutional regimes have contributed historically. But to conflate dynastic patriotism with British nationhood is a grievous political mistake as well as an error of historical interpretation. Britain was unified under a monarchy, but it only became a single state under a republic. It emerged as a global power under an oligarchic regime which vested near-absolute power in Parliament. The British, more than any other nation, have maintained a flexible constitution under the recognition that no single form is preferable at all times and for all people.

It would be deeply unwise to hitch the future of our country to an institution which has no clear purpose or sense of its own identity (at least an identity and purpose which accords with the political goals, sentiments, and interests of the British people) in the modern era. Much as the Monarchy has historically damaged the national cause by confusing our self-conception of nationhood and perpetuating an outdated notion of imperial citizenship, today it damages the British right by forcing it to treat the associates of Jeffrey Epstein, and those who defend them, as the focal point of national loyalty. I look forward to the day when we might raise anew the arms of the Protectorate over Buckingham palace; when we once again have leaders who wish to make the names of Englishmen as great as ever those of the Romans had been. This should be the hope and aspiration of all Britons.

From 13 March 1979, Queen Elizabeth II was the monarch of a People’s Revolutionary Government of her Marxist-Leninist Ministers. On 25 March, it effectively suspended the 1974 Constitution by proclaiming the People’s Laws, of which People’s Law Number 3 declared, “The Head of State shall remain Her Majesty the Queen and her representative in this country shall continue to be the Governor-General who shall perform such functions as the People’s Revolutionary Government may from time to time advise.” In 1981, that People’s Revolutionary Government issued these stamps to celebrate the wedding of the Prince of Wales to Lady Diana Spencer.



Not Simply A Procedural Detail

Rob Rinder writes:

In Jewish communal life my role is usually the agreeable one. Books, culture, where to get the best herring; the safe end of the Jewish conversation, if you like. Only recently I was on stage at Jewish Book Week with Maureen Lipman discussing the life of Mel Brooks, which confirmed that whatever dramatic talents I may possess are best left firmly to others. But Jewish history occasionally insists on asking harder questions. And this is one of those moments.

For Jews, questions about how power is structured in a society rarely feel abstract. Our collective memory has been shaped by places that looked stable, cultured and civilised until, suddenly, they were not. Which is why I found myself last week doing something that sat rather uneasily with me: writing to Members of Parliament about proposed changes to jury trials.

I am not, by instinct, an activist. My professional life usually requires something rather different. Holding people in power to account, asking questions, testing arguments against fairness and evidence. My own view is rarely the point. But occasionally the argument itself touches something deeper.

The reform now approved in principle would allow certain criminal offences carrying sentences of up to three years imprisonment to be tried by a judge sitting alone rather than before a jury. The reassurance offered is that these are “only” three-year offences. But three years is not a minor matter in a human life. And constitutional safeguards are not measured by the size of the penalty.

Of course the criminal courts are under immense pressure. Cases have piled up for years. Victims are waiting far too long for justice. Anyone who has spent time around the legal system knows reform is necessary. But not every reform is equal.

Removing juries from criminal trials may sound like an administrative adjustment. In reality it alters something deeper: the balance between citizen and state. Trial by jury is not simply a procedural detail. It is a constitutional principle.

When the state accuses someone of a crime, the judgment does not belong entirely to the state itself. Ordinary citizens sit in the room and decide whether the power of government has been exercised justly. A judge represents the state, a jury represents the public whom the law exists to protect. That is the point.

Britain famously does not rely on a single written constitution to protect liberty. Our freedoms live instead in institutions slowly built over centuries: the presumption of innocence, an independent judiciary and trial by jury. Each of them places a restraint on power. And the difficulty of removing those restraints is not an inconvenience. It is the design. Constitutions are not built for the governments we trust. They exist for the day power falls into the hands of someone we do not.

Jewish history leaves you unusually alert to that truth. Not because every political reform is sinister. And certainly not because those proposing this change deserve their motives caricatured. But because Jewish memory carries a long familiarity with how civic safeguards begin to thin. Rarely dramatically; a practical reform here, a sensible efficiency there. Something temporary. Something administrative. Something that seems perfectly reasonable at the time. Until slowly, almost invisibly, the distance between citizen and state begins to shrink.

For example, imagine the victim of an aggravated antisemitic assault standing in court, bruised and frightened, hoping that ordinary citizens in the jury box will understand what happened and why it mattered, bringing the common sense, moral judgment and quiet power of the community.

My grandfather survived the Shoah. What he admired most about Britain was not that it was perfect. It was that the system contained safeguards that placed limits on the power of the state. Trial by jury was one of them.

The Torah insists repeatedly that justice must protect the vulnerable: the stranger, the widow, the poor. “Justice, justice shall you pursue.” That justice requires more than good intentions from those in authority. It requires structures that distribute power rather than concentrate it. That is what juries do.

Some years ago I was visiting the Konzerthaus in Vienna and noticed the date: November 9. I asked what had been performed there on that date in 1938. The guide returned from the archive with the programme and the critics reviews from the following morning’s newspapers.

It had been, by all accounts, a magnificent evening. Bruckner’s Fifth Symphony. Karl Böhm conducting. Critics praised the authority of the performance. The discipline of the tempo. A cultured night of fine music.

That same night synagogues were burning across Germany and Austria. Kristallnacht had begun.

The point is not that every argument about law leads to catastrophe. It is that catastrophe rarely announces itself at the beginning.

Inside the concert hall that November evening in Vienna the music was magnificent. A great night had been had by all. Outside, the windows of synagogues were already beginning to shatter.

See also here, where there are lots of footnotes:

The Rt Hon David Lammy MP
Deputy Prime Minister, Lord Chancellor and Secretary of State for Justice
Ministry of Justice
102 Petty France
London
SW1H 9AJ

16 March 2026

Dear Deputy Prime Minister,

Violence Against Women and Girls sector calls for the preservation of access to jury trials

We write on behalf of organisations across the Violence Against Women and Girls (VAWG) sector to urge the Government to reconsider the proposals contained in the Courts and Tribunals Bill 2026 to restrict access to jury trials in England and Wales.

VAWG organisations have long called for radical action to address the harms the criminal justice system causes for survivors, including the Crown Court backlog. However, to position the rights and interests of survivors as directly opposed to those of defendants oversimplifies the reality of how our criminal justice system treats women and survivors on all sides of our adversarial model. This includes a failure to recognise that women who are survivors of violence are routinely and unjustly criminalised, particularly when they are members of minoritised communities. We are deeply concerned that the curtailment of jury trials risks unfair outcomes that undermine justice for everyone. For centuries, trial by one’s peers has acted as a democratic safeguard, functioning as a vital connection between society and the law, so that justice is not determined by a single class or authority alone.

Survivor experience of the criminal justice sector and insights of the VAWG sector

There is no doubt that reforms are needed to tackle the drivers of harm against women and girls, including embedded social inequalities, and for systems to be strengthened to actively reduce genderbased violence and protect survivors before harm escalates. This has been recognised and reflected in the Government’s VAWG strategy, including long-awaited commitments to prevent the unfair criminalisation of survivors. Framing the removal of jury trials as a solution to the trauma experienced by survivors of violence, including those who have been criminalised, risks treating survivors as a homogenous group; overlooking the extensive advocacy and lived experience shared by survivors and specialist organisations, and By and For organisations in particular. Any decision to curtail access to jury trials risks diverting resources and attention away from the substantive reforms needed to address the complex, underlying causes of VAWG. Instead of curtailing jury trials, sustained investment across the whole system and elsewhere is essential to delivering the Government’s VAWG strategy.

Juries as a democratic safeguard

Jury trials are an important constitutional safeguard which help to ensure fairness, legitimacy and public confidence in the criminal justice process. This is essential given the lack of confidence in our criminal justice system. Fewer than half of victims believe they can get justice.We also know that confidence is lowest among minoritised communities. Research has found that only a third of LGBTQ+ victims were confident that they could receive justice by reporting a crime, and less than half of disabled victims and female victims were confident in the fairness of the justice system. Restricting jury trials could decrease public confidence even further, particularly among minoritised groups.

Juries are inherently more diverse than a single judge. For example, only 36% of circuit judges who sit in the Crown Court are women and only 10% are ethnic minority individuals. In judge-only decisions, there is increased potential for individual biases to influence the verdict. Conversely, the involvement of 12 randomly selected people brings a wider range of lived experiences, insights, and perspectives into the decision-making process, strengthening the fairness and balance of deliberations. Requiring a unanimous verdict means that every juror’s viewpoint must be considered, ensuring that the final decision reflects collective deliberation rather than relying on a single viewpoint. We know that Black people, older people and women elect for trial at the Crown Court at higher rates than other groups. The protections of a jury trial are therefore central to the integrity of the system and are critical for victims, particularly women and those from minoritised groups, who are subject to discriminatory treatment and are already likely to mistrust the system. Restoring trust within these communities is essential to increasing overall confidence among survivors, as are measures such as mandatory, specialist domestic abuse training for court professionals, including judges, to ensure proper navigation of the complex realities of abuse cases.

The suggestion that jury trials, and the requirements they place on the system, favour defendants and undermine the rights of victims is a mischaracterisation, and risks overlooking the very real and damaging power imbalances that do impact survivors of VAWG, and particularly minoritised women, both in their everyday life and when they come into contact with the criminal justice system. The assertion by the Government that defendants “game the system” by selecting a jury trial to which they are entitled under due process fails to recognise that having this choice can be crucial for women facing prosecution who are survivors of violence, particularly minoritised women. Polling consistently shows that the public regard jury trials as one of the most trusted elements of the justice system, with recent surveys indicating strong confidence in juries’ ability to reach the right verdict.

Inequalities and lack of trust: the experience of women and minoritised groups

Public trust in the criminal justice system among racialised and minoritised communities is fragile. Racial disproportionality is evident throughout the criminal justice system and disparities in outcomes contribute to this fragility. Jury decision making is one of the few places where such disproportionality does not appear to exist. For example, your 2017 review highlighted that people from racialised groups were found to be consistently convicted at very similar rates to white people, including in cases with all-white juries and across a variety of offence types. Research shows that this continues to be the case today. In contrast, judges sentencing defendants in the Crown Court are more likely to give defendants from ethnic minority backgrounds prison sentences than white British defendants. They are also more likely to give defendants from certain ethnic minority backgrounds a longer sentence for similar crimes. It is deeply concerning that judge-only trials could see this racial disproportionality translating into conviction decisions. Further, when considered alongside the lack of judicial diversity in England and Wales, the introduction of judge-only trials risks having a disproportionate impact on the trust and confidence of minoritised communities in the criminal justice system, including both defendants and victims. For victims, unfair outcomes and systemic disparities erode trust and confidence in the process, diminishing the likelihood of reporting violence, participating in proceedings, accessing support and securing justice and safety through the law.

This lack of confidence, and a particular distrust in the police, presents a clear barrier to reporting, especially for certain crimes and demographics. According to Rape Crisis England & Wales, five out of six women who are raped do not report the incident. Data from the Victims’ Commissioner’s landmark victim survey found that 41% of rape and sexual assault victims and 36% of hate crime victims did not report the incident. The disparity is also stark across ethnic groups: nearly a third (32%) of Asian and Black victims did not report the crime, compared to just over a fifth (21%) of white victims. The Metropolitan Police Commissioner recently publicly acknowledged that he understands why many women feel unable to trust the police

The Equality and Human Rights Commission has previously warned that the courts reform programme lacks comprehensive evidence to identify disproportionate disadvantage for protected groups, and the Chair of the Commons Justice Committee has also called for clearer evidence on how many cases will lose jury trial rights and what effects this will have. In the equalities statement that accompanies the Courts and Tribunals Bill, the Ministry of Justice states that removing the right to elect a Crown Court trial applies equally to all and is therefore not discriminatory. This fails to recognise the likely disproportionate impact of the proposals on Black people, Mixed race people, older people and women, who elect jury trials more often than other groups. The report notes that it does not have evidence of, and has not explored, the reasons for this. However, the Lammy review reported that many individuals from ethnic minorities opted for trial in the Crown Court whenever possible as they had more confidence in the fairness of juries than in the fairness of Magistratesʼ Courts. Therefore, any reform that further reduces choice or confidence in the system risks deepening existing disparities and exacerbating distrust from minoritised communities.

It is concerning that given your previous findings the Government states that it does not have access to full data on who elects jury trials broken down by other protected characteristics such as disability, religion or belief, sexual orientation or socio-economic status. Elsewhere in the statement, the Government also accepts that it “cannot draw conclusions on potential differences in verdicts for individuals with protected characteristics for judge only trials from MoJ data.” Concluding that there is no significant risk of discrimination, despite recognising gaps in the data, raises serious questions in the context of the Public Sector Equality Duty. The proposal to continue monitoring for discriminatory effects and to complete a post implementation review on racial disparities “after the fact” is insufficient, and unlikely to meet the Government’s legal duty to prevent such effects.

Of course, while juries are an element of our justice system which allows for more equitable outcomes, this does not make them immune to pervasive and problematic social attitudes. This can include sexism and a lack of understanding of the impact of VAWG, which can negatively affect the treatment of victims of VAWG whether as victims or defendants. Juries reflect the society we live in, including entrenched discriminatory approaches, and their existence cannot guarantee that a Black and minoritised defendant will receive a fair and impartial judgement. Even if and where a jury is directed to recognise and put aside their conscious and unconscious biases, a defendant may nonetheless be presented to them as a criminal based on racial stereotyping. Indeed, the same racial stereotyping may have led to their arrest and charge, and over-surveillance by the police in the first instance. A Black or minoritised victim may experience racial bias in the courts from either a judge or jury. However, juries, as a group of people representing a cross section of society, provide a plurality of perspectives that can counterbalance biases through collective deliberation, compared to a single judge.

Lack of evidence for the removal of jury trials and the alternative approaches for addressing the backlog 

Given the dangers outlined above, the evidence for the likely efficacy in reducing the court backlog would need to be overwhelming to justify the restriction of jury trials. However, Institute for Government analysis carried out using the Government’s own figures indicates that judge-only trials would likely save just 1.5 - 2.5% of court time. In fact, the Government’s proposed reforms will likely create significant operational disruption and practical challenges that pull resources from more effective measures to reduce the backlog. This would prolong the uncertainty that leads many survivors to withdraw support for the prosecution of their abuser. Any step that destabilises an already overstretched criminal justice system directly undermines the aim of delivering swift, fair and reliable justice for victims.

The backlog in the criminal courts is not attributable to the role of juries in trials and instead reflects years of under investment, structural pressures and regressive criminal justice policies. Several avoidable inefficiencies arise before a jury is ever sworn in, including day-of-trial adjournments for witness or barrister unavailability and failure to get defendants to court on time. Use of floating trials also adds to delays and uncertainty. Alternative, practical solutions, such as strengthening early case management, improving prison escort services, investing in court infrastructure, increasing the effective use of out-of-court disposals and making better use of court capacity, should be prioritised and evaluated before any move to restrict jury trials. While the Government has recently announced steps in some of these areas, it is essential that these measures are fully implemented and assessed before fundamental changes to jury trials are considered. This is particularly significant given that the time savings from judge-only trials will be marginal at best

Juries are not a panacea to the operation of racism, but they are an important safeguard in a much wider and complex picture that requires significant investment and attention. Our understanding of wider social biases and how this impacts on the decision making of juries does not undermine the point that a Black or minoritised defendant or victim is unlikely to receive fair treatment from a judge alone, but it is essential to acknowledge the racialised dynamics that exist in our society and are perpetuated by any justice system that exists within it.

We strongly urge you to reconsider these reforms and focus instead on solutions which will make a real difference in reducing rates of VAWG and improving the experiences of survivors in contact with the criminal justice system.

Yours sincerely,

Hannah Couchman, Senior Legal Officer (Criminal Law), Rights of Women; Estelle du Boulay, Director, Rights of Women; Janaya Walker, Interim Director, End Violence Against Women Coalition; Baljit Banga, CEO, Hibiscus; Angie Herrera, Director, Latin American Women’s Aid (LAWA); Meril Eshun-Parker, Director, London Black Women’s Project (LBWP); Gisela Valle, Director, Latin American Women’s Rights Service (LAWRS); Shaminder Ubhi, CEO, Ashiana Network; Ila Patel, Director, Asha Projects; Fiona Rutherford, Chief Executive of law reform charity JUSTICE; Jo Todd CBE, CEO, Respect; Maureen Connolly, CEO, Birmingham and Solihull Women’s Aid; Jo Silver and Liz Thompson, Joint Interim CEOs, SafeLives; Sara Kirkpatrick, CEO, Welsh Women’s Aid; Vivienne Hayes, CEO, Women’s Resource Centre; Selma Taha, Executive Director, Southall Black Sisters; Pragna Patel, Co-Director, Project Resist; Janey Starling and Seyi Falodun-Liburd, Level Up; Sarbjit Ganger, CEO, Asian Women’s Resource Centre (AWRC); Jo Choi, CEO, Standing Together Against Domestic Abuse (STADA); Medina Johnson, Chief Executive, IRISi; Andrea Vukovic and Isabel Young, Co-Directors, Women for Refugee Women; Ghadah Alnasseri, Executive Director, Imkaan; Kyla Kirkpatrick, Director, The Drive Partnership; Jennifer Nadel, CEO, Compassion in Politics; Susie McDonald, CEO, Tender Education and Arts; Natasha Rattu, CEO, Karma Nirvana; Liz Mack, CEO, Advance; Nahar Choudhury, CEO, Solace Women’s Aid; Sarah Hill, CEO, IDAS (Independent Domestic Abuse Services); Harriet Wistrich, CEO, Centre for Women’s Justice; Diana Nammi, CEO, IKWRO-Women's Rights Organisation